Halicarnassus (Ancient Greek: Ἁλικαρνᾱσσός Halikarnassós or Ἀλικαρνασσός Alikarnassós; Turkish: Halikarnas) was an ancient Greekcity at the site of modern Bodrum in Turkey. Halicarnassus were founded by Dorian Greeks, and the figures on its coins, such as the head of Medusa, Athena or Poseidon, or the trident, support the statement that the mother cities were Troezen and Argos.[5] The inhabitants appear to have accepted Anthes, a son of Poseidon, as their legendary founder, as mentioned by Strabo, and were proud of the title ofAntheadae. The Carian name for Halicarnassus has been tentatively identified with Alosδkarnosδ in inscriptions.
At an early period Halicarnassus was a member of the Doric Hexapolis, which included Kos, Cnidus, Lindos, Kameiros and Ialysus; but it was expelled from the league when one of its citizens, Agasicles, took home the prize tripod which he had won in the Triopian games, instead of dedicating it according to custom to the Triopian Apollo. In the early 5th century Halicarnassus was under the sway of Artemisia I of Caria (also known as Artemesia of Halicarnassus [6]), who made herself famous as a naval commander at the battle of Salamis. Of Pisindalis, her son and successor, little is known; but Lygdamis, who next attained power, is notorious for having put to death the poetPanyasis and causing Herodotus, possibly the best known Halicarnassian, to leave his native city (c. 457 BC).[7]
The city later fell under Persian rule. Under the Persians, it was the capital city of the satrapy of Caria, the region that had since long constituted its hinterland and of which it was the principal port. Its strategic location ensured that the city enjoyed considerable autonomy. Archaeological evidence from the period such as the recently discovered Salmakis (Kaplankalesi) Inscription, now in Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology, attest to the particular pride its inhabitants had developed.[8]
Alexander the Great laid siege to the city after his arrival in Carian lands and, together with his ally, the queen Ada of Caria, captured it after fighting in 334 BCE.
Mausolus ruled Caria from here, nominally on behalf of the Persians and independently in practical terms, for much of his reign from 377 to 353 BC. When he died in 353 BC, Artemisia II of Caria, who was both his sister and his widow, employed the ancient Greek architectsSatyros and Pythis, and the four sculptors Bryaxis, Scopas, Leochares and Timotheus to build a monument, as well as a tomb, for him. The word “mausoleum” derives from the structure of this tomb. It was a temple-like structure decorated with reliefs and statuary on a massive base. Today only the foundations and a few pieces of sculpture remain.
Crusader Knights arrived in 1402 and used the remains of the Mausoleum as a quarry to build the still impressively standing Bodrum Castle (Castle of Saint Peter), which is a well-preserved example of the late Crusader architecture in the east Mediterranean. The Knights Hospitaller (Knights of St. John) were given permission to build it by the Ottoman sultan Mehmed I, after Tamerlane had destroyed their previous fortress located in İzmir‘s inner bay. The castle and its town became known as Petronium, whence the modern name Bodrum derives.
In 1522, Suleiman the Magnificent conquered the base of the Crusader knights on the island of Rhodes, who then relocated first briefly to Sicily and later permanently to Malta, leaving the Castle of Saint Peter and Bodrum to theOttoman Empire.
Day 1 ……………Bodrum
Arrival to Milas Bodrum Airport or Bus station,meeting by our team,transfer to Bodrum city,Overnight
Day 2 Bodrum
Breakfast at the hotel,Half day Bodrum city tour with old theatre,Mausoleumof Mavzelus,The Castle of bodrum Build by St JohnKnights with underwater archeological museum,afternoon free,Overnight (B)
Day 3 Bodrum
Breakfast at the hotel,Fullday cruise with lunch,return to hotel late in the Afternoon Overnight (B,L)
Day 4 Bodrum…………
Breakfast at the hotel,transfer to airport or bus station……….( B )
Departure : Daily all year around
Please contact with our sales team about the price and hotel options info@joyworldtours.com
Inclusions
- 3 Nights 4 stars hotel accomodations
- All airport transfer inbound and outbound private basis
- Entrances fees
- 3 Breakfasts 1 Lunch
- Private Half day Bodrum Tours
- Fullday Cruise with lunch on SIC basis
- All local taxes and services charges
